Process of glazing earthenware and apparatus therefor



1 t e B h s uuu 8 e h s 2 G N O L A (No Model.)

W PROCESS 0F GLAZING BARTHENWARB AND APPARATUS THEREFOR HNO. 543,741.

Patented July 30, 1895.

(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-#Sheet 2.-

, W. A. LONG. A PROGBSS 01?- GLAZING EARTHBNWARB AND APPARATUS THERBFOR. INo. 543,741. Patented July 30, 1895.

p' mi AIWA A Aww A vUNrnnn STATES PATENT mcn.

WILLIAM A. LONG, oF sTnU'BENvILLE, onto.v

PROCESS F GLAZING EARTHENWARE AND APPARATUS IHEREFR.

PECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 543,741, dated July 30, 1895.

V Applica'tll filed December 20, 1894.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. LONG, of Steubenville, inthe county of Jefferson and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Process of Glazing Earthenware or the Like and Apparatus for Carrying lout the Process, of which` the following isa specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

The object of my invention is to produce a process of and apparatus for glazing earthenware with a chloride of sodium or other chemical glaze in order to render the material lustrous and impermeable to liquid, as well as d to preserve colors and patterns thereon.

With reference to the process my invention consists in injecting theglazing substance or ware are not properly glazed.

matter in a pulverulent or other available form, either separately or combined with organic matter to facilitate combustion into the interior of a kiln maintained at a high temperature and containing'ihe articles to be glazed.

My invention also consists in apparatus for carrying out my process.

Heretofore the ordinary salt glaze of coinmon earthenware has been produced by throw ing into the kiln at certain stages of the tiring process chloride of sodium in bulk. rlhis method, however simple, is extremely unsatisfactory, because, owing to the necessity of providing sufficient space for the distribution of the salt, it is impossible to place more than a limited quantity of earthenware within the kiln, and because by this method parts of the Similarly, by supplying to the kiln other substances-as, for instance, compound of feldspar and lime or a proper admixture of salt, potash, boracic acid, sulphate of baryta, and phosphate of limeother glazes for porcelain ware or china and stoneware may be produced.

My invention contemplates as a process the injecting or blasting into the kiln of any of these or other vitrifiable or Vitrifying compositions to insure a complete and perfect glazing of the ware, and its application is not restricted to any special glazing composition.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I is a central vertical section through a kiln or oven, showing the application of my invention. Fig. II is a side elevation of the in- Serial No. 532,475. (No specimens.)

jector. Fig. III isl a; detail sectional view of a part thereof; Fig. IV, a horizontal section of a modified form of the apparatus. j

Referring to the figures on the drawings, 1 indicates, for example, a kiln of circular form having a crown 2, provided with a central aperture 3, and equipped with furnaces 1.1., and bags 5 connecting therewith, as illustrated. Above-and along one edge of the bags, respectively, I prefer to employ a protecting tunnel or port 6, the exposed walls of which constitute, respectively, continuations of the horizontal injector-ports 7, that pierce the walls of the kiln. I also prefer to provide in jector-ports 8 between the bags and in a some@ what lower horizontal plane than the ports 7.

9indicates a loosely-built mass of earthenware-esuch, for instance, as bricks within the kiln-the surfaces of which are designed to be'glazed.

10 indicates one of my glazing-injectors, the

discharge-pipe 1l of which is inserted through the injector port and tunnel into theinterior of the furnace, the said tunnels or ports 6 being designed to protect them from the intense heat of the furnace.

12 indicates the body part of a three-way iittin g, which may be internally screw-threaded at opposite ends for the reception of the reamed end of the discharge-pipe l1 and the front end of blast-nozzle 14, respectively, the latter preferably projecting into and being adjustable within the tting12.

15 indicates any suitable and ordinary aircock located in an air-pipe 13, behind the blast-nozzle 111, and designed to control a blast of air derived through a flexible hose 16-for instance, from a suitable source-as, for example, an air-compressor. (Not illustrated.)

17 indicates handles that are preferably secured to the air-pipe 13 for manipulating and directing the injector.

18 indicates an injector supply-funnel communicatingfrom above with the body part 12 of the three-way fitting through a branch 19 and a gate-valve 20, provided with handle' 21, as illustrated.

The operation o1' my apparatus is as follows:

The air-supply being ready for use and the suitable form-Las,` for example, pulverutent,

semi-pulverulent, or liquide-is Supplied to the funnel 1S and the cock 15 is opened. Thereupon a blast of air from the nozzle 14 will be discharged into the interior of the body part 12 of the three-Way fitting and into the contiguous reamed end of the discharge-pipe 1l, which conducts the blast to the interior of the furnace. Working, the gate-valve 2O is opened sufficiently to permit a required quantity of the glazing material to escape from the funnel through the branch 19, when it is instantly taken up by the blast from the nozzle 14 and is projected by it into the interior of the kiln. Entering the kiln, the glazing material is dissipated bythe blast in the form of a cloud, and instantly produces a vitrifying atmos phere that searches and permeates every corner of the kiln, thereby perfectly and evenly vitrifying the exposed surfaces of its contents. The oxygen which the blast contains assists the heat of the furnace or kiln'in producing the necessary chemical action; but in order to facilitate the perfect formation of a glaze and color, as Well as to maintain the temperature of the kiln against the influx of outside air, I contemplate the combining and commingling with the glazing material of 3o suitable quantities of organic matterasuch, for example, as anthracite or bituminous coal-in a pulverulent, semipulverulent,liq uid, or other suitable form which, by their combustion, produce the required results.

The specitic gravity of dilerent glazing compositions varies materially. For that reason it is necessary to regulate the feed of the injector. That may be readily accomplished by the adjustment of the degree of insertion 4o of the nozzle 14 into the body part 12 of the three-way fitting. A lock-nut 2la may be provided on the outside of the fitting for fixing the nozzle in its required adjustment.

In a large kiln it may be desirable toinject the glazing material froma number of diereut points through the walls of the kiln. In

order, therefore, that the apparatus may be operated from one point, I prefer to employ a single connecting-pipe 22,'which may con- 5o form substantially to the shape of the kiln As soon as the blast is properly sliep/ii and unite the different discharge-pipes t0 gether.

Bycausing the pipe 22 to intercept one discharge-pipe 11 transversely, as through a fourway fitting 21, and connecting the pipe 22 with auxiliary discharge-pipes 25 the injector may be operated and fed from one point. It is obvious, however, that the pipe 22 may be connected with the different discharge-pipes, so as to employ in connection with each discharge-pipe a separate su pply-f un nel for each pipe, if it is desired.

I do not desire to limit myself to the details of construction herein shown and described, but reserve the right to modify and vary them at will Within the scope of my inventon.

1. Aglazing process,which consistsin blasting intoA the interior of a kiln, maintained at a high temperature, a glaze prod ucingchemical, snbstantiall y as set forth.

2. A glazing process, which consists in blasting into the interior of a kiln, maintained at high temperature, a compound of a glaze producing chemical and organic matter, substantially as set forth.

3. A glazing process which consists in injecting into the interior of a kiln maintained at a high temperature, a combustible and glaze producing blast, substantially as specified.

L1. A glazing process which consists in injecting into the interior of a kiln maintained at a high temperature by direct communication withV incandescent fuel beds, a combustible and glaze producing blast, substantially as specified.

5. The combination with a kiln and furnace bags, of a discharge pipe projecting into the kiln, and a protecting tunnel upon the bag adapted to protect the discharge pipe, substantially as specified.

In testimony of all which I have hereunto subscribed my name.

WILLIAM A. LONG. Witnesses:

R. H. THOMPSON, B. L. LONG. 

